.: time for new strings? :.

restringing your guitar

There are as many variants on what the "proper" way to re-string a guitar is, as there are guitarists. If you can't get it right, don't feel bad - you're not alone. Many of us have tuning stability problems which can be traced back to the way we string our guitars. But there are also lots of people who get it "right" (meaning that their guitars are stable), even though they use methods that "shouldn't" work. Some variants seem to be each other's complete opposite, and it's really all about finding a method that works for you and your guitars, and sticking to it. A thread in the Effects forum at Harmony Central revealed a myriad of tips, from lots of people. Here are a few tips and tricks I use that I shared with the forumites at that time.

Tools

You need tools for changing strings?? Yes, actually. I always keep three items handy when I'm changing strings:

A pair of pliers - for cutting the exess strings off. Trust me on this - leaving the extra portion of string dangling around the headstock is not cool. It looks stupid, it makes funny noises and it's a safety hazard (you can seriously damage someone's eyes with loose strings flapping about). I prefer not to even stand on the same stage as someone who doesn't cut the exess strings off, and I flatly refuse to stand next to them. Cut them off!

A string winder - I can't imagine how I ever got along without this tool. It makes the previously so tedious winding up of strings a breeze, and it makes it much more easy to get the windings to sit neatly on the tuner post - which is essential for tuning stability.

A tuning fork - you don't have to have one of these, of course, but it is much easier to use when you just want to make sure the guitar doesn't go way out of pitch as you replace the strings. It is much easier to tune the thing, once all strings have been replaced, if you don't have to make big adjustments in overall pitch.

Removing the old strings

Usually, you don't remove/replace more than one string at a time, unless you plan on doing repair work or clean the fingerboard while you're at it. Unless you're waiting until the strings are completely dead (black and coarse from all the grime and dirt) before your change them, you shouldn't have to clean/oil the fingerboard every time you re-string. There are two good reasons why you should replace the strings one at a time:

risk of damage - the neck can warp from the reduction in load, especially if you remove them sequentially (low E to high E). If you have a thin "speed" neck, the risk is even greater. Although I should concede that the real reason isn't the risk of damage, but rather...

convenience - if you replace one string at a time, and stretch the new string until it is reasonably stable before attacking the next one, you will be done much quicker and will have a lot less trouble finding the right pitch. This is especially true for guitars with tremolo bridges, and essential for Floyd Rose bridges.

The general rule is therefore that you remove and replace the strings one at a time. Other than that, there are no real rules about it. On strats/teles with the "open slot" vintage Kluson style tuners, I usually loosen the string enough so that it will come off the tuner when I pull up on the whole package. I then cut the string in the middle with the pliers - rather than try to force the curled-up part through the bridge. Do not cut the strings off while they are tensioned, though - the sudden movement can cause damage, both to the guitar (from the sudden change in string pull) and yourself (have you ever been hit by a G string that has snapped off...? Ouch.). On guitars with "string-through" tuning posts, I loosen the string until it is flabby enough to be cut off, and cut it off in the middle. Removing the string from the tuner without bloodshed is a little more work, but it can be done.

I coil up the old strings, put them in the bag the new string came out of (together with the bits I cut off the new strings), and make sure to throw them away. Don't be tempted to keep used, gunky strings around "just in case" - you'll do much better with a small stock of loose fresh strings, if you break certain strings often. And make a point of keeping unbroken packs of strings in stock, so you'll always have at least one complete fresh set ready to go. As soon as you use the "spare" set, buy another - don't wait until you've broken your last string, or you find yourself at a gig, after shop hours, without any fresh strings. Not all of us have roadies we can send out, to persuade a shop owner to open up the shop at night...

So, it's time for some new 'uns...

General tips and tricks:

With non-locking tuners, don't wind on too little on the post. Obviously don't wind on too much either... (more than will fit inside the thinner part of the post). Moderation is the key - I usually try to get at least 2 full turns on to the post for the low E string, and 4-5 turns on the plain strings.

With Strats and Teles - the ones with only one string tree - the G string can sometimes rattle in the nut slot, due to the break angle across the nut being too flat. If you wind on enough slack (at least 5 turns) on to the post, the string will move downwards, creating a more acute break angle.

Get a string winder - this little plastic thingy is absolutely invaluable, as it lets you wind the strings on quickly, while stretching them with your other hand. It helps loads in getting the strings to wrap neatly around the posts - which is essential for tuning stability.

When winding the string up on to the post, keep it stretched, again to help it wrap neatly (letting it wander all over the place would definitely cause the tuning to get unstable). But as soon as you feel the string tightening up - pulling itself down towards the fretboard - let go of the string and get your face and hand out of the way. Should one of the plain strings decide to let go while you are cranking it up to tension, you do not want your head anywhere near its trajectory...

Open slot Fender type tuners ("vintage" type Kluson-style):

Turn the tuner until the slot is oriented across the headstock (parallel to the nut). Feed the string through the tremolo block/bridge, and make sure you pick up all the slack, so the ball sits nicely as far into the block as it will go. Grab the string with your right hand, and straighten it out (let it "uncurl" itself) by sliding your hand along the string towards the headstock.

When you reach the tuner, cut the string to length. This is partly down to string gauge (thinner strings need more length to produce the same amount of windings on the post, and the length of string each winding eats up is also shorter). For the low E, I usually cut the string somewhere between the D and G tuning posts - I want a fair amount of windings on the post, to get a good steep break angle over the nut. You need to figure out how much extra length you need, to produce the amount of windings you want. The tuners in the pic (which I've lifted from the web - if you own it, and want me to take it down, just let me know) has too few windings, in my opinion.

Stick the string into the hole in the center of the slot, and bend it to the left (towards the tuning heads), letting it pass out through the slot. Then make a sharp right turn, stretching the string slightly, and you should end up with almost half a turn already done.

Stretch the string to make it grab on to the post (again, viewed from the top, the string will now exit the slot and make a sharp right turn), while you turn the tuning peg. I usually grab the string with my right hand thumb and middle finger (to hold it stretched), and use the index finger to hold it down either against the fretboard/nut slot, or - for the thinner strings - against the face of the headstock. Keep the string stretched the whole time, so the windings coil up neatly on the post (instead of wandering all over the place).

Tune the string to pitch, and stretch/tune it several times until it is reasonably stable, before you start removing the next string.

"Regular" tuners - Gibson-style (no slot, but a hole drilled through the tuning post):

Make sure the hole in the tuning post lines up with the direction of the strings.

Feed the string through the tremolo block/bridge, and make sure you pick up all the slack. Grab the string with your right hand, and straighten it out (let it "uncurl" itself) by sliding your hand along the string towards the headstock.

When you reach the end of the string, feed it through the tuning post. Stop when you have enough string slack - I usually judge this by how high an arc the string makes, above the fretboard. You can also use the distance to the D/G-string post (as mentioned earlier) as a guide, before you feed the string through the post.

When you have the correct amount of slack, grab the string with your thumb and middle finger, and turn the post so that the string bends where it exits the hole. You can help here, of course, to make it bend properly. Then use your index finger to keep the string down (for the right break angle), and wind it up. Keep the string stretched the whole time, so the windings coil up neatly on the post (instead of wandering all over the place).

Tune the string to pitch, and stretch/tune it several times until it is reasonably stable, before
you start removing the next string.

For the regular style tuners, here are two alternative methods, which some prefer. I sometimes use one of these for the plain strings, to help them sit tighter - the thinner the strings are, the more effective these methods become:

"Over/Under" method:

Same as the normal method, but when you wind the string up, let the unused part pass under the string the first time, and then over the rest of the time. This makes the string windings on the post "sandwich" the string at the start of the wind, for a hopefully tighter fit, and more stable tuning.

"Locking" method:

Again, the same method is used, but this time stop just before the peg has turned its first full turn (right before the unused part passes the string you're winding up). Grab the unused part, bend it to the right and loop it clockwise around the string post. Pull it up on the left side of the string, and bend it straight up (if not even a bit to the right). Keep the string stretched, and turn the tuning peg so that the string you're winding up passes over the part you just looped around and bent straight up. The idea is to lock the string at the start of the wind, again, to make the tuning more stable.

Floyd Rose:

This one needs a few special tricks, but treat it well and you will be rewarded. Back in the day - before I realized how much tone the Floyd stole from my guitar, and took it off - I never had any tuning problems at all. When changing strings, I stuck religiously to this scheme:

Never, ever, remove more than one string at a time - getting the bridge back to the right position is a pain.

Make sure the guitar is tuned to pitch, and loosen the locking plate for the string pair you will be starting with, leaving the others locked.

Remove the first string (I usually start with the low E) and reset its fine tuner - turn it all the way out, and back in a couple of turns.

Cut off the ball end of the new string, above the "twist" section, and fasten it in the block. Don't over-tighten things - you will only crack the block. Moderation...

Line up the hole in the tuning post with the direction of the strings, and feed the new string (uncurled as described earlier) under the string tree and through the post. Since the string tree is holding all six strings down, you don't need as many windings on the posts - just wind on enough to taste. But a couple of turns on each post can be real handy if you break a string, and need to fix it in a hurry - you can release some string from the post, and feed it back into the bridge block...

Stretch and tune/stretch/tune the string until it is reasonably stable.

Replace the locking plate (but don't tighten it down) as soon as you're done with a string pair, and take care to replace it the same way (so any eventual grooves that has formed in it will line up properly).

When you've replaced all six strings, stretched and retuned them, you can tighten the locking plates. I usually start with the high E/B string plate first.

Re-tune the guitar once more (you will probably have to lower the low E string some, and raise the low A a little).

Basically, the key to keeping a Floyd Rose happy is to never surprise it by moving or shifting anything - for instance, the locking plates have to go back the same way they came off, in the same position (don't be tempted to "rotate" them).

Web resources

The excellent Stockholm-based luthier Paul Guy has lots of tips and tricks about these things - find him here. Make sure to read his tips on tuning - located within the "Guitarist's handbook" - although it is a little involved and technical, it contains some very good info.

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